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<title>Object Manager</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Object Manager</span></span>

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<p><b>Object Manager</b> (internally called <b>Ob</b>) is a subsystem implemented as part of the <a href="Windows_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Executive">Windows Executive</a> which manages Windows <i>resources</i>. Resources, which are surfaced as logical <i>objects</i>, each reside in a namespace for categorization. Resources can be physical devices, files or folders on volumes, <a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a> keys or even running processes. All objects representing resources have an <code>Object Type</code> property and other metadata about the resource. Object Manager is a shared resource, and all subsystems that deal with the resources have to pass through the Object Manager.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2></div>

<p>Object Manager is the centralized resource broker in the <a href="Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> line of operating systems, which keeps track of the resources allocated to processes. It is resource-agnostic and can manage any type of resource, including device and file handles. All resources are represented as objects, each belonging to a logical namespace for categorization and having a type that represents the type of the resource, which exposes the capabilities and functionalities via properties. An object is kept available until all processes are done with it; Object Manager maintains the record of which objects are currently in use via <a href="Reference_counting" title="Reference counting">reference counting</a>, as well as the ownership information. Any <a href="System_call" title="System call">system call</a> that changes the state of resource allocation to processes goes via the Object Manager.

</p><p>Objects can either be <i>Kernel objects</i> or <i>Executive objects</i>. Kernel objects represent primitive resources such as physical devices, or services such as synchronization, which are required to implement any other type of OS service. Kernel objects are not exposed to <a href="User_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="User mode">user mode</a> code, but are restricted to kernel code. Applications and services running outside the kernel use <i>Executive objects</i>, which are exposed by the <a href="Windows_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Executive">Windows Executive</a>, along with its components such as the memory manager, scheduler and I/O subsystem. Executive objects encapsulate one or more kernel objects and expose not only the kernel and kernel-mediated resources, but also an expanded set of services that the kernel does. Applications themselves can wrap one or more Executive objects and surface objects that offer certain services. Executive objects are also used by the environment subsystems (such as the Win32 subsystem, the OS/2 subsystem, the POSIX subsystem, etc.) to implement the functionality of the respective environments.

</p><p>Whenever an object is created or opened, a reference to the instance, known as a handle, is created. The Object Manager indexes objects by both their names and handles. Referencing objects by handles is faster since it bypasses name translation. Handles are associated with processes by making an entry in the process's Handle table, which lists the handles it owns, and can be transferred between processes. A process must own a handle to an object to use it, and can own up to 16,000,000 handles at one time. During creation, a process gains handles to a default set of objects. There are different types of handles, such as file handles, event handles, and process handles, which identify the type of target objects but do not distinguish the operations that can be performed through them. This consistency ensures uniform handling of various object types programmatically. Handle creation and resolution of objects from handles are exclusively managed by the Object Manager, ensuring that no resource usage goes unnoticed.

</p><p>The types of Executive objects exposed by Windows NT are:

</p>

<th>Description</th>

<th><a href="System_call" title="System call">System call</a> to get handle

</th></tr>

<tr>

<th>Directory

</th>

<td>A container holds other kernel objects. Multiple levels of nested directories organize all kernel objects into a single tree.

</td>

<td>NtCreateDirectoryObject<br>NtOpenDirectoryObject

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a>

</th>

<td>A collection of executable <a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">threads</a> along with <a href="Virtual_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual address">virtual addressing</a> and control information.

</td>

<td>NtCreateProcess<br>NtOpenProcess

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a>

</th>

<td>An entity containing code in execution, inside a process.

</td>

<td>NtCreateThread<br>NtOpenThread

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Job

</th>

<td>A collection of processes.

</td>

<td>NtCreateJobObject<br>NtOpenJobObject

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>File

</th>

<td>An open <a href="File_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="File (computing)">file</a>, <a href="Directory_(computing)" title="Directory (computing)">directory</a> or an <a href="I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O">I/O</a> device.

</td>

<td>NtCreateFile<br>NtOpenFile

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Section

</th>

<td>A region of memory optionally backed by a file or the <a href="Paging" class="mw-redirect" title="Paging">page file</a>.

</td>

<td>NtCreateSection<br>NtOpenSection

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Access token

</th>

<td>The identity, properties, privileges and access rights of a process or thread.

</td>

<td>NtCreateToken<br>NtDuplicateToken<br>NtOpenProcessToken<br>NtOpenThreadToken

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Event

</th>

<td>An object which encapsulates some information, to be used for notifying processes of something.

</td>

<td>NtCreateEvent<br>NtOpenEvent

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Semaphore_(programming)" title="Semaphore (programming)">Semaphore</a>/<a href="Mutex" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutex">Mutex</a>

</th>

<td>Objects which <a href="Serialization" title="Serialization">serialize</a> access to other resources.

</td>

<td>NtCreateSemaphore<br>NtOpenSemaphore

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Timer

</th>

<td>An objects which notifies processes at fixed intervals.

</td>

<td>NtCreateTimer<br>NtOpenTimer

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Key

</th>

<td>A <a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">registry</a> key.

</td>

<td>NtCreateKey<br>NtOpenKey

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Desktop

</th>

<td>A logical display surface to contain <a href="GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> elements.

</td>

<td>None

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th><a href="Clipboard_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clipboard (software)">Clipboard</a>

</th>

<td>A temporary repository for other objects.

</td>

<td>None

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>WindowStation

</th>

<td>An object containing a group of Desktop objects, one Clipboard and other user objects.

</td>

<td>None

</td></tr>

<tr>

<th>Symbolic link

</th>

<td>A reference to another object, via which the referred object can be used.

</td>

<td>NtCreateSymbolicLinkObject<br>NtOpenSymbolicLinkObject

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Object_structure">Object structure</h3></div>

<p>Each object managed by the Object Manager has a header and a body; the header contains state information used by Object Manager, whereas the body contains the object-specific data and the services it exposes. An object header contains certain data, exposed as <code>Properties</code>, such as <code>Object Name</code> (which identifies the object), <code>Object Directory</code> (the category the object belongs to), <code><a href="Security_Descriptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Security Descriptor">Security Descriptors</a></code> (the access rights for an object), <code>Quota Charges</code> (the resource usage information for the object), <code>Open handle count</code> (the number of times a handle, an identifier to the object, has been opened), <code>Open handle list</code> (the list of processes which has a live reference to the object), its <code>Reference count</code> (the number of live references to the object), and the <code>Type</code> (an object that identifies the structure of the object body) of the object.

</p><p>A <code>Type</code> object contains properties unique to the type of the object as well as static methods that implement the services offered by the object. Objects managed by Object Manager must at least provide a predefined set of services: <code>Close</code> (which closes a handle to an object), <code>Duplicate</code> (create another handle to the object with which another process can gain shared access to the object), <code>Query object</code> (gather information about its attributes and properties), <code>Query security</code> (get the <a href="Security_descriptor" title="Security descriptor">security descriptor</a> of the object), <code>Set security</code> (change the security access), and <code>Wait</code> (to synchronize with one or more objects via certain events). Type objects also have some common attributes, including the type name, whether they are to be allocated in non-paged memory, access rights, and synchronization information. All instances of the same type share the same type object, and the type object is instantiated only once. A new object type can be created by endowing an object with Properties to expose its state and methods to expose the services it offers.

</p><p><code>Object name</code> is used to give a descriptive identity to an object, to aid in object lookup. Object Manager maintains the list of names already assigned to objects being managed, and maps the names to the instances. Since most object accesses occur via handles, it is not always necessary to look up the name to resolve into the object reference. Lookup is only performed when an object is created (to make sure the new object has a unique name), or a process accesses an object by its name explicitly. <code>Object directories</code> are used to categorize them according to the types. Predefined directories include <code>\??</code> alias <code>\DosDevices</code> (device names), <code>\BaseNamedObjects</code> (mutexes, events, semaphores, waitable timers, and section objects), <code>\Callback</code> (callback functions), <code>\Device</code>, <code>\Driver</code>, <code>\FileSystem</code>, <code>\KnownDlls</code>, <code>\Nls</code> (language tables), <code>\ObjectTypes</code> (type objects), <code>\RPC Control</code> (<a href="Remote_Procedure_Call" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Procedure Call">RPC</a> ports), <code>\Security</code> (security subsystem objects), and <code>\Windows</code> (windowing subsystem objects). Objects also belong to a <i>Namespace</i>. Each user session is assigned a different namespace. Objects shared between all sessions are in the <i>GLOBAL</i> namespace, and (logon) session-specific objects are in the specific (logon) session namespaces

</p><p>OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES structure:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ULONG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Length</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">HANDLE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RootDirectory</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PUNICODE_STRING</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ObjectName</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ULONG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Attributes</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SecurityDescriptor</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PSECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SecurityQualityOfService</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES</span><span class="p">;</span>

</pre></div>

<p>The Attributes member can be zero, or a combination of the following flags:

</p>

<pre>OBJ_INHERIT

OBJ_PERMANENT

OBJ_EXCLUSIVE

OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE

OBJ_OPENIF

OBJ_OPENLINK

OBJ_KERNEL_HANDLE

</pre>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2></div>

<p>Object Manager paths are available to many Windows API file functions, although Win32 names like <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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</style><span class="monospaced">\\?\</span> and <span class="monospaced">\\.\</span> for the local namespaces suffice for most uses.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using the former in Win32 user-mode functions translates directly to <span class="monospaced">\??</span>, but using <span class="monospaced">\??</span> is still different as this NT form does not turn off pathname expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Tools that serve as explorers in the Object Manager namespaces are available. These include the 32-bit WinObj from <a href="Sysinternals" title="Sysinternals">Sysinternals</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 64-bit WinObjEx64.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Architecture_of_Windows_NT" title="Architecture of Windows NT">Architecture of Windows NT</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_group" title="Process group">Process groups</a> and <a href="Control_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Control groups">cgroups</a> – the equivalent <a href="POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> concepts to the ‘Job’ object type discussed above</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file">"Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces - Win32 apps"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i>. 28 August 2024.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25090101/is-there-a-difference-between-and-paths">"winapi - Is there a difference between \??\ and \\?\ paths?"</a>. <i>Stack Overflow</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/winobj">"WinObj - Windows Sysinternals"</a>. <i>docs.microsoft.com</i>. 26 July 2023.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/hfiref0x/WinObjEx64">"hfiref0x/WinObjEx64: Windows Object Explorer 64-bit"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. 20 February 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRussinovichDavid_Solomon2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Mark_Russinovich" title="Mark Russinovich">Russinovich, Mark</a>; David Solomon (2005). "Chapter 3: System Mechanisms". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780735619173/page/124"><i>Microsoft Windows Internals</i></a></span> (4th ed.). Microsoft Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780735619173/page/124">124–149</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-7356-1917-4</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff557759(v=vs.85).aspx">Object Manager Routines (Windows Drivers)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=73995">Channel9 Interview</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Microsoft_Windows_components875" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">Microsoft Windows components</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<li>Architecture

<li><a href="Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Booting process</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_games_included_with_Windows" title="List of games included with Windows">Games</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br>tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="App_Installer" title="App Installer">App Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_Manager" title="Device Manager">Device Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="DirectX_Diagnostic_Tool" title="DirectX Diagnostic Tool">DirectX Diagnostic Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_Cleanup" title="Disk Cleanup">Disk Cleanup</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer" title="Microsoft Drive Optimizer">Drive Optimizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Driver_Verifier" title="Driver Verifier">Driver Verifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">Event Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="IExpress" title="IExpress">IExpress</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Management Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Netsh" title="Netsh">Netsh</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_Monitor" title="Performance Monitor">Performance Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>

<li><a href="Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Resource_Monitor" title="Resource Monitor">Resource Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a></li>

<li><a href="Sysprep" title="Sysprep">Sysprep</a></li>

<li><a href="MSConfig" title="MSConfig">System Configuration</a></li>

<li><a href="System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">System File Checker</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Information_(Windows)" title="System Information (Windows)">System Information</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Policy_Editor" title="System Policy Editor">System Policy Editor</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a></li>

<li><a href="Task_Manager_(Windows)" title="Task Manager (Windows)">Task Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Windows Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Ink" title="Windows Ink">Windows Ink</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a>

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Windows Insider</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Preinstallation_Environment#Windows_Recovery_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">WinRE</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li>

<li><a href="City_Art_Search" title="City Art Search">City Art Search</a></li>

<li><a href="Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Intune" title="Microsoft Intune">Company Portal</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li>

<li><a href="Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN#MSN_Money_app" title="MSN">Money</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li>

<li><a href="OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_PC_Manager" title="Microsoft PC Manager">PC Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li>

<li><a href="Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li>

<li><a href="Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li>

<li><a href="Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li>

<li><a href="Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN#MSN_Weather_app" title="MSN">Weather</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Whiteboard" title="Microsoft Whiteboard">Whiteboard</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Remote_Desktop_Protocol_clients#Windows_App" title="List of Remote Desktop Protocol clients">Windows App</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li>

<li><a href="AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li>

<li><a href="AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li>

<li><a href="ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li>

<li><a href="File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a>

<ul><li><a href="IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li>

<li><a href="Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li>

<li><a href="Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li>

<li><a href="Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>

<li><a href="Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li>

<li><a href="NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li>

<li><a href="File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li>

<li><a href="Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li>

<li><a href="Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li>

<li>Print Services for UNIX</li>

<li><a href="Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li>

<li><a href="SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li>

<li><a href="Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li>

<li><a href="I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li>

<li><a href="Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li>

<li><a href="MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li>

<li><a href="NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li>

<li><a href="Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a>

<li><a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li>

<li><a href="Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li>

<li><a href="WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li>

<li><a href="AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li>

<li><a href="BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li>

<li><a href="Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li>

<li><a href="Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li>

<li><a href="User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li>

<li><a href="User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a>

<ul><li><a href="JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li>

<li><a href="VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>

<li><a href="ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li>

<li><a href="COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li>

<li><a href="OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li>

<li><a href="WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li>

<li><a href="Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li>

<li><a href="Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li>

<li><a href="Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>

<li><a href="DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li>

<li><a href="Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li>

<li><a href="Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li>

<li><a href="HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li>

<li><a href="NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li>

<li><a href="Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li>

<li><a href="Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li>

<li><a href="MSN#Discontinued_apps" title="MSN">Sports</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li>

<li><a href="Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li>

<li><a href="Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li>

<li><a href="Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li>

<li><a href="WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li>

<li><a href="WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li>

<li><a href="WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br><a href="Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-29" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Object_Manager&oldid=1292936843">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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